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POP3 is a classic protocol for receiving emails, supporting download and local management, suitable for single-device users.

SMTP is the core protocol for email transmission, defining communication rules between email clients and servers as well as server-to-server communication. It has undergone extensions and security enhancements while continuing to support modern email systems.

SPF record is an email authentication mechanism that declares which servers can send emails through DNS records, preventing forgery and spam, improving email security and delivery rates.

TXT records are resource records in DNS that store text information, used for SPF verification, domain ownership confirmation, and security policy declarations.

HTTP and HTTPS are fundamental protocols for Webmail services. HTTPS ensures communication security through encryption, preventing data leaks and attacks, and has become the standard for modern web services.

JMAP is an efficient, modern email and collaboration protocol that supports synchronization of emails, calendars, contacts, and other data, featuring batch operations, incremental sync, multi-device support, and is suitable for web and mobile application development.

LDAP is a lightweight directory access protocol used for unified management of users, permissions, and network resources, supporting fast queries and cross-platform applications, widely used in enterprise authentication and single sign-on.

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